Modal Patterns

1. Could smb do smth, smb would do smth … -

• Were smb (trait) smb would do smth
• Had smb done smth, somebody would have done smth

2. Smb can’t (couldn’t) but do smth … - не мочь не сделать чего-л.

• You can't do better than study facts — Вы бы лучше изучили факты
• She can't do better than watch her manners — Ей бы не мешало последить за своими манерами

can't go wrong… -

• Carry straight on, you can't go wrong — Идите прямо, не ошибетесь
• You can't go wrong with him — С ним не пропадешь

3. Smb can’t (couldn’t) + infinitive … - не может быть, чтобы
4. Can smb + infinitive (any) – Неужели … ?
5. You really might do smth – Вы право могли бы …
6. Smb might as well do smth … - be somewhat preferable

• We might as well go home now. I don't think he will come.
• You may well say so — Вы совершенно правы

7. Smb might have done smth – к-л чуть-чуть не …
8. Smb must needs do smth … - к-л непременно должен
9. Why should I …? - употребляется со всеми лицами в прямых и косвенных вопросах, начинающихся с "why" и выражающих сильное удивление, недоумение

• Why should you dislike him so much? — Почему вы его так не любите?
• I don't understand why you should be angry with him. — Я не понимаю, почему вы сердитесь на него.

10. Oh, that it should come to this ! – подумать только до чего дошло!
I should think so! – Ещё бы!
11. Smb can’t keep from doing smth … - не удуржаться не сделать
12. There might be but one answer. – был только один ответ

Shall/Will

SHALL

1.OFFER,SUGGESTION, INTENTION (asking what to do) (shall + we, I)

e.g. Shall I translate it? Shall I I get you a cup of tea? Shall I read?
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2. Promise, threat, warning (Shall + 2nd ,3rd pers. Sing and plur)

e.g. You shall have it tomorrow. He shall do as I say. Strong stress required
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3. Shall в инструкциях и предписаниях, обозначает долженствование.
( = to be obliged)
Students shall not eat during lectures — Студенты не должны есть во время лекций.
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Will (would)

a. habitual actions in the present & past (will, would + simp. INF)
e.g. She will (would) sit for hours looking at the ceiling pensively.

b. refusal to perform an action
e.g. She knows I wouldn’t be checked.

c. lifeless things fail to perform (- )
e.g. The pen won’t (wouldn’t) write . (никак не пишет)


2. will, intention , determination, insistence, resistance ( + - )

e.g. I will suffer no priest to interfere in my business.
She will not budge.

SUPPOSITION

WILL + simp. INF – present , future
e.g. This will be the school I believe (Это,по видимому и есть школа)
+ perf. INF – past
e.g. You will have heard the news. (Я полагаю, что вы уже слышали)